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Что (кто) такое Parkinson"s disease - определение
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![[[Jean-Martin Charcot]], who made contributions to the understanding of the disease and proposed its name honoring [[James Parkinson]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Charcot1893.jpg?width=200 "[[Jean-Martin Charcot]], who made contributions to the understanding of the disease and proposed its name honoring [[James Parkinson]]")
![alt=Composite of three images, one in the top row (referred to in caption as A), two in the second row (referred to as B). Top shows a mid-line [[sagittal plane]] of the brainstem and [[cerebellum]]. Three circles superimposed along the brainstem and an arrow linking them from bottom to top and continuing upward and forward towards the frontal lobes of the brain. A line of text accompanies each circle: lower is "1. Dorsal Motor X Nucleus", middle is "2. Gain Setting Nuclei" and upper is "3. Substantia Nigra/Amygdala". The fourth line of text above the others says "4. ...". The two images at the bottom of the composite are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, one sagittal and the other transverse, centred at the same brain coordinates (x=-1, y=-36, z=-49). A colored blob marking volume reduction covers most of the brainstem.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Journal.pone.0008247.g001.png?width=200 "alt=Composite of three images, one in the top row (referred to in caption as A), two in the second row (referred to as B). Top shows a mid-line [[sagittal plane]] of the brainstem and [[cerebellum]]. Three circles superimposed along the brainstem and an arrow linking them from bottom to top and continuing upward and forward towards the frontal lobes of the brain. A line of text accompanies each circle: lower is \"1. Dorsal Motor X Nucleus\", middle is \"2. Gain Setting Nuclei\" and upper is \"3. Substantia Nigra/Amygdala\". The fourth line of text above the others says \"4. ...\". The two images at the bottom of the composite are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, one sagittal and the other transverse, centred at the same brain coordinates (x=-1, y=-36, z=-49). A colored blob marking volume reduction covers most of the brainstem.")
![[[Muhammad Ali]] at the [[World Economic Forum]] in [[Davos]], at the age of 64. He had shown signs of parkinsonism from the age of 38 until his death.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Muhammad Ali, Davos.jpg?width=200 "[[Muhammad Ali]] at the [[World Economic Forum]] in [[Davos]], at the age of 64. He had shown signs of parkinsonism from the age of 38 until his death.")
![Placement of an electrode into the brain: the head is stabilised in a frame for [[stereotactic surgery]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Parkinson surgery.jpg?width=200 "Placement of an electrode into the brain: the head is stabilised in a frame for [[stereotactic surgery]].")
Википедия
Post-encephalitic parkinsonism is a disease believed to be caused by a viral illness that triggers degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Overall, this degeneration leads to clinical parkinsonism.
Historically, starting in 1917 an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica, also called von Economo's encephalitis or "sleepy-disease" occurred, possibly related to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic; however, even with the use of modern molecular diagnostic tests on appropriate corpses, no firm link between encephalitis lethargica with influenza has been made. Although parkinsonism was occasionally seen during the acute encephalitic phase of encephalitis lethargica, it was often encountered in the post-encephalitic phase. The onset of post-encephalitic parkinsonism may occur several years after the resolution of encephalitis lethargica.
The brain regions affected contain neurofibrillary tangles, similar to those seen in Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the senile plaques common in Alzheimer's disease are not found.
